en علوم پایه پزشکی Basic Medical Sciences تحقیقی Original article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> Second-degree burns present significant therapeutic challenges because of prolonged inflammation and impaired regeneration. This study compared the healing efficacy of an <i>Artemisia sieberi</i> essential oil nanoemulsion with that of conventional Alpha ointment by assessing morphological indices and cytokine gene expression in a rat model.<br> <b>Methods:</b> In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control, Alpha ointment, and Artemisia nanoemulsion groups. Following the induction of standardized second-degree thermal burns, healing was monitored over 21 days. Wound surface area was measured macroscopically, whereas histopathological architecture, including re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, was assessed using H&E staining. Furthermore, the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-&alpha;, and IL-10 in healed tissues were quantified using RT-qPCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey&rsquo;s post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.<br> <b>Results:</b> By day 21, the Artemisia nanoemulsion group exhibited a significantly higher wound-contraction rate than the Alpha and control groups (P-Value<0.001). Histopathological examination confirmed superior re-epithelialization and organized fibroblast proliferation in nanoemulsion-treated tissues. At the molecular level, this treatment induced significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-&alpha;) and marked upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), demonstrating greater efficacy than Alpha ointment in modulating the local immune response.<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: <i>Artemisia sieberi</i> nanoemulsion effectively accelerates burn healing by suppressing inflammation and promoting tissue remodeling, thereby representing a promising therapeutic agent for the clinical management of burns.</span></span></div> Burns, Wound Healing, Nanoemulsion, Artemisia Sieberi, 8 15 http://goums.ac.ir/jorjanijournal/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1121-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahziar Keshvad ghasemian191@gmail.com 0009-0000-1651-5728 No Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran Seyyed Morteza Razaghi Manesh morteza_vet@yahoo.com 0009-0009-9421-773X No Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian Ommolbanin.Ghasemian@iau.ac.ir 0000-0002-4805-3553 Yes Department of Veterinary Medicine, Be.C., Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran